carbon leakage and the effectiveness of climate change agreements

Carbon leakage refers to the unintended increase in carbon emissions in one country due to the implementation of climate change policies or agreements in another country. It occurs when the industries affected by these policies relocate to regions with less stringent regulations, resulting in a shift of emissions rather than a decrease globally. The effectiveness of climate change agreements refers to their ability to achieve their intended goals in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impacts of climate change. This effectiveness depends on the extent to which countries adhere to the agreed-upon commitments, the level of ambition in these commitments, and the implementation and enforcement mechanisms in place.

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