heap-based priority queue

A heap-based priority queue is a data structure that maintains a collection of elements, where each element has an associated priority. It is implemented using a heap, which is a complete binary tree that satisfies the heap property. The heap property ensures that the element with the highest (or lowest) priority is always at the root of the tree. This allows for efficient retrieval of the highest-priority element in constant time. Insertions and deletions also maintain the heap property, ensuring efficient operations in logarithmic time complexity.

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