insertion and deletion in heaps

Insertion and deletion in heaps refer to fundamental operations performed on a heap data structure. Insertion in heaps involves adding a new element to the heap while preserving the heap property. This property ensures that every node in the heap is either greater than or equal to (in a max heap) or less than or equal to (in a min heap) its children. The new element is typically inserted at the next available position in the heap and then "bubbled up" or "percolated up" until it reaches its appropriate position, maintaining the heap property. Deletion in heaps involves removing an element from the heap while also preserving the heap property. The element that is removed is typically the root of the heap, which represents either the maximum or minimum value (depending on whether it is a max heap or min heap). After removing the root, the last element in the heap replaces it, and then this new element is "bubbled down" or "percolated down" to its correct position, maintaining the heap property. Both insertion and deletion operations in heaps have a time complexity of O(log n), where n is the number of elements currently present in the heap. These operations are crucial for maintaining the integrity and efficiency of heap data structures.

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