memory leaks and dangling pointers

Memory leaks are a type of programming error where memory that is allocated dynamically is not properly deallocated when it is no longer needed. This leads to a loss of memory resources and can cause a program to consume more memory than necessary, eventually leading to performance issues or even crashing. Dangling pointers, on the other hand, occur when a pointer points to memory that has been deallocated or is no longer valid. When the program tries to access or use this dangling pointer, it can lead to unexpected behavior, crashes, or security vulnerabilities.

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