monism vs. dualism

Monism refers to the philosophical belief that reality is ultimately made up of a single substance or essence. It suggests that everything in the universe, including the mind and body, can be reduced to or explained by this fundamental substance. Dualism, on the other hand, posits that reality consists of two distinct and separate entities or principles. It divides the world into two interconnected realms, usually mind and matter, considering them to be fundamentally different from each other and independent in their existence. In summary, monism emphasizes unity and oneness, while dualism highlights the existence of two separate entities or principles.

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