phase transitions

Phase transitions refer to the physical or chemical changes that occur in a substance when it undergoes a transition from one phase to another, such as from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, or from one crystal structure to another under the influence of temperature, pressure, or other external factors. These transitions are characterized by specific changes in properties such as density, thermal conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility and involve the absorption or release of energy in the form of heat or other forms of energy.

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