agroforestry and alley cropping

Agroforestry is a sustainable land-use system that integrates the cultivation of trees with crops or livestock, providing multiple benefits such as improved soil fertility, biodiversity conservation, and increased agricultural yields. Alley cropping, a type of agroforestry, involves planting rows of trees or shrubs in between crop rows, creating alleys that provide shade, nutrients, and protect against environmental factors, resulting in a more productive and resilient farming system.

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