branching processes
Branching processes refer to stochastic models that depict the evolution of a population or system over time, where individuals or entities have the potential to give rise to new individuals or entities in a probabilistic manner. Each individual or entity can produce a random and independent number of offspring, and these offspring can then go on to produce their own descendants in a similar fashion. The study of branching processes involves understanding the growth and extinction probabilities of the population or system based on the properties of the reproduction distribution.
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