counterbalancing and order effects

Counterbalancing refers to a technique used in research to minimize potential biases caused by the order of conditions or stimuli presented. It involves rearranging the order in which participants experience different conditions or stimuli, ensuring that each condition appears equally often in different positions. Order effects, on the other hand, refer to biases that occur due to the specific order in which conditions or stimuli are presented. These effects can include practice or fatigue effects, where performance is influenced by prior exposure, or carryover effects, where previous conditions can influence subsequent responses. Counterbalancing helps to mitigate such order effects and maintain the validity of research findings.

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