counterfactuals and causality
Counterfactuals refer to hypothetical statements or claims about what would have happened if certain conditions or events had been different. They involve imagining alternate scenarios to understand the causal relationship between an action and its outcome. Causality, on the other hand, refers to the relationship between causes and effects, where one event or action leads to another. Counterfactuals and causality are closely related as counterfactual reasoning helps us evaluate causal claims by comparing what did happen with what could have happened in different circumstances.
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