causality and determinism

Causality refers to the principle that an event or action is influenced or caused by preceding events or actions. It suggests that there is a connection or relationship between cause and effect, where one event leads to another. Determinism, on the other hand, is the belief that all events, including human actions, are predetermined by a chain of causes and effects. It suggests that everything that happens in the universe is inevitable and could not have occurred differently, given the previous causes and conditions.

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