excommunication and religious community

Excommunication refers to the formal expulsion or exclusion of an individual from a religious community, usually as a result of violating religious laws or doctrines. It is a penalty imposed by religious authorities, cutting off the individual from the community and its spiritual practices. A religious community, on the other hand, refers to a group of individuals that share a common faith, beliefs, and practices, often gathered under the guidance of religious leaders or institutions.

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