excommunication and the sacraments

Excommunication refers to the act of formally excluding a person from the community and privileges of a particular religious group, typically due to committing grave offenses or violating important doctrines of the faith. On the other hand, sacraments are sacred rituals or ceremonies within many religious traditions that are believed to convey spiritual blessings or grace. They are seen as outward signs of inward grace and are considered essential for the spiritual development and connection to a higher power within the faith community.

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