finding parent node in a binary heap

Finding the parent node in a binary heap refers to determining the parent node's position or value given the index of a child node. In a binary heap, each node has at most two children, and the relationship between parent and child nodes is based on their indices. To find the parent node in a binary heap, we can use a simple formula. Given the index of a child node as 'i', the index of its parent node can be calculated as '(i - 1) / 2'. This formula holds for all nodes in the binary heap except for the root node, which has no parent. By applying this formula, we can quickly find the parent node of any given child node in a binary heap. This relationship is crucial for various heap-based data structures and algorithms, such as priority queues and heapsort.

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