resilience and tipping points in ecological systems

Resilience in ecological systems refers to their ability to bounce back or recover from disturbances or changes. It indicates the capacity of an ecosystem to maintain its structure, functions, and services even when faced with environmental stressors. Tipping points, on the other hand, represent critical thresholds in ecological systems beyond which there is an abrupt and often irreversible shift to a new state or behavior. When a tipping point is reached, small changes can lead to significant and even catastrophic transformations in the ecosystem's structure and functioning.

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