return-to-libc attack

A return-to-libc attack is a type of exploitation where an attacker takes advantage of a vulnerability in a program to manipulate its execution flow. Instead of injecting malicious code, the attacker modifies the stack frame's return address to jump to existing library functions, commonly found in the C standard library. This enables them to execute these functions in a way that achieves their malicious objectives, such as gaining unauthorized access or escalating privileges.

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