return oriented programming (rop)

Return-oriented programming (ROP) is a technique used by attackers to exploit software vulnerabilities by manipulating the flow of a program's execution. It involves crafting a sequence of small code snippets called "gadgets," which end with a return instruction. By chaining together these gadgets, attackers can redirect the program's control flow to execute arbitrary commands, possibly gaining control over the system. ROP leverages existing code snippets from the program's memory rather than injecting new code, making it difficult for traditional security measures to detect or prevent.

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