caliphate of córdoba
The Caliphate of Córdoba refers to a historical Islamic state that emerged in the Iberian Peninsula during the medieval period. It was established in 929 CE and centered around the city of Córdoba, which became a major cultural and intellectual center under Islamic rule. The caliphate encompassed much of present-day Spain and Portugal and was characterized by a flourishing economy, religious tolerance, and the patronage of art, science, and literature. The Caliphate of Córdoba played a vital role in transmitting knowledge from the Islamic world to Europe and left a lasting impact on the region's history.
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