fallacy of composition and philosophy of science
The fallacy of composition is a logical mistake where one assumes that what is true for an individual part or element of something must also be true for the whole. In the context of philosophy of science, it refers to the error of assuming that characteristics or properties of individual components of a system or entity can always be applied to the system as a whole. This fallacy highlights the need to approach scientific understanding with caution and be aware that what is true at one level or scale might not be true when applied to the entire system.
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