heap sort algorithm

Heap sort algorithm is an efficient sorting method that utilizes a binary heap data structure. It involves two main steps: building a heap from the input array and repeatedly extracting the maximum element from the heap and placing it in its correct position in the sorted array. The heap data structure allows for efficient access to the maximum element and ensures that the array remains partially sorted throughout the sorting process. Heap sort has a time complexity of O(n log n) and is an in-place sorting algorithm.

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