hypertension and diabetic nephropathy

Hypertension refers to a medical condition characterized by persistently high blood pressure levels, which puts excessive strain on the arteries and the heart. It can lead to various complications, including damage to vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, and brain. Diabetic nephropathy, on the other hand, is a kidney disease caused by long-standing uncontrolled diabetes. It occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the small blood vessels and filtering units in the kidneys. This damage can progressively impair the kidneys' ability to filter waste and excess fluid effectively, leading to further complications if left untreated.

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