centralization vs. decentralization of authority and responsibility

Centralization refers to the concentration of authority and decision-making power within a few individuals or a single central authority. It involves a top-down approach where important decisions are made by a central body or individual, and responsibility is delegated downwards. On the other hand, decentralization involves the dispersion of authority and decision-making power to different levels or individuals within an organization or system. It fosters a bottom-up approach, with decision-making power distributed to various departments or individuals who are closer to the issues at hand. Responsibilities and decision-making are spread across multiple levels, allowing for greater autonomy and flexibility.

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